Anonymous (Zubdat Ihtisar Ta’rih Muluk Misr al-Mahrusa)

English
Other Available Languages: 
17th century
Works: 
1) Zubdat Ihtisar Ta’rih Muluk Misr al-Mahrusa, and 2) the Paris Fragment

1) Anonymous, 17th century, and 2) Anonymous, 18th century

THE CONTENTS
Zubdat ihtisar ta’rih muluk Misr al-mahrusa and the Paris Fragment cover almost exactly the same time period and describe the same historical events. Both works are chronicles in two parts. In the case of Zubdat, the first is an introduction including the author’s account of the history of mankind from Adam up to the time of Prophet Muhammad. This brief, and sometimes inaccurate, narrative occupies one folio (1a-b). Beginning with the Umayyads (2a), it also covers the dynasties that had governed Egypt until the capture of Cairo by Selim I in 923/1517 (3a). The second part of the work focuses on the successive governors of Ottoman Egypt. Though the discussion of historical events is initially very concise, the author elaborates on almost every single important occurrence from fol. 7a onwards, where the arrival of Ahmed Paşa (d. 931/1524) in Ramadan 1042/April 1633 is mentioned. Zubdat is one of the few sources on Ottoman Egypt of the 17th century, the obscurities and weaknesses of which can be clarified by reference to other contemporary sources.

In the case of the Paris Fragment, the first part provides a historical account of the Ottoman Empire since its inception up to the year 1123/1711.The first line of the first folio starts with “wa-rakabu al-madafi al-kibar” and is perhaps part of the discussion on the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II (848-50/1444-46 and 855-86/ 1451-81) in 857/1453. The text then describes the activities of subsequent Ottoman sultans until the reign of Ahmed III (1115-49/1703-36). This brief account of the history of the Ottoman sultans ends on folio 30a where the author describes the Battle of Prut between Russia and the Ottoman State in Zulqada 1123/July 1711. This first part is conceived as an introduction to the history of Ottoman Egypt starting from 30b, where the title is clearly mentioned as “al-bab al-rabi fi dikr wulat Misr nuwwab Al Uthman”. The detailed historical narrative in this part of the manuscript ends with an event dated Zulqada 1120/February 1709. Considering that the first part of the manuscript ends as late as 1123/1711, it would be expected that the second, more detailed, part would also extend as far as that date. Instead, it ends abruptly.

In order to avoid repetition below, while giving the contents of the manuscripts, only Zubdat will be used for references to these events as well as to gubernatorial reigns. The Paris Fragment’s references to the same events can be ascertained by referring to the list of governors included at the end of this entry.

Zubdat’s author elaborates on various major events, which he witnessed personally, or, in the case of incidents that occurred outside of Cairo, reports on the authority of presumably reliable sources. He also conveys his personal attitude, and perhaps the attitude of most Egyptians, towards their Ottoman masters. Despite the positive contributions of some governors to the economic and religious life in Egypt, Zubdat focuses mainly on the failures of the rulers to bring peace and harmony to the newly-controlled province, and highlights their misdeeds or unpleasant behaviors, which led to their dismissal from office or, in some cases, to their murder by the Mamluk army.

The discussion in the chronicle, which focuses on various aspects of the socioeconomic situation during the Ottoman occupation in Egypt in general, and in Cairo, in particular, is quite varied. Zubdat not only refers generally to significant changes in certain aspects of the everyday life of the people, but also highlights in particular the recurrent revolts, which were mainly incited by various groups, such as the soldiery of the seven regiments (ocaq), the notables (ashraf) and the Bedouin.

Various individuals or factions in the army struggled for power in Ottoman Egypt. The first recorded revolts against the Ottoman governors took place during the last months of Sinan Paşa’s rule (992-94/1584-86) in Cairo when the Mamluk army killed some of the governor’s comrades (4b). Ali Paşa, the new governor, fled to Istanbul when he failed to definitively put down the rebels (5a-b). Another series of disturbances caused by the military occurred in 1013/1604, when one of the governors by the name of Ibrahim was killed. The succeeding governor, Mehmed, took revenge by killing a large number of rebels and expelling about three hundred of them to Yemen. Thus Ottoman control of Egypt was restored for several years.

During the rule of Halil Paşa (Rabi I 1041-Ramadan 1042/September 1631-April 1633), Nami, a notable from the Hijaz, wrested control of a part of that region (6b). The ruler of Mecca hastily dispatched a letter to Cairo requesting military assistance, which resulted in the subjugation of the rebels. In 1102/1691, the Meccans once again revolted against the sharif of Mecca (24a). This time, the governor of Jedda, Mehmed Beg, managed to thwart the rebels.

The Bedouin scattered around Egypt also often caused trouble for the Ottoman regime. Among the first incidents recorded by the sources is the revolt of the Bedouin led by Ibn Maan, a Bedouin of Druze origin, on the Syrian border (7a). The army, led by Dilaver Beg, was sent in 1044/1634-5 to oppose these Bedouin insurgents. Many years later, in Rajab 1092/July-August 1681, a clash occurred between Ömer Beg, who was then the new governor of Gaza, and the Bedouin. Ömer was later murdered (19a). A series of bitter clashes between the government soldiers and the Bedouin went on for more than ten years. One started in Zulhijja 1098/October-November 1687 when the Bedouin leader, Ibn Wafi, stationed in al-Buhaira, caused trouble to the surrounding area by robbing passers-by and stealing camels (20a-b). When confronted by the governor, he knew that he would be defeated and wisely surrendered. Unrepentant, he started a new campaign three years later, in 1102/1689-90, when the Bedouin of al-Buhaira revolted against the governorship (sancaq) and caused hardship to the people (24b-25a). They marched towards Cairo and entered the mosque of al-Azhar. Although sources do not mention the measures taken by the governor to thwart the Bedouin from al-Buhaira, apparently the provincial government failed to solve the problem completely, since in 1110/1698-99 Ibn Wafi and his allies are known to have robbed pilgrims.

Another issue mentioned in the chronicle is theft. In 1052/1642, thieves raided shops adjacent to the Mosque of Ibn Tulun. The governor Mustafa’s apparent ignorance of the problem prompted the shop owners, mostly Maghribis, to threaten to bring the case to the sultan. The trouble was brought under control by a new governor, Maqsud, who took tough measures against the culprits (8a-b). On another occasion, the army seized money and properties belonging to the people of Cairo when there were inadequate funds for an expedition to Yemen (6a-b). This incident happened during the governorship of Mehmed Paşa (1037-40/1627-30).

The most significant problem that dominated the history of Ottoman Egypt during the 17th century was the dispute between two factions, the Faqariya and the Qasimiya, for power in Egypt and its provinces. The Faqariya was a group thought to have been founded by Dulfaqar Beg whose loyal follower was Ridwan Beg, who continued the movement and was a constant rival of the Qasimiya. In 1061/1651, the sultan himself, presumably fearing the increasing popularity of Ridwan, ordered him to change positions with Ali Beg, the provincial governor of Jurja (9a-b). Ali Beg, in a long speech, commended his governor and refused to follow the decree. The command was abandoned by the new governor, Abdurrahman Paşa, in 1062/1652.

The death of Ridwan Beg in 1066/1656 weakened the smooth running of the Egyptian government (9b). The power of the Faqariya crumbled, and the Qasimiya managed to overpower their rivals, although the title of leader of the pilgrimage was still held by the Faqariya. In 1072/1662, İbrahim Paşa the “Devil” (Şeytan) murdered Ahmed Beg the “Bosniak,” the leader of the Qasimiya (15a). As P. Holt suggests, due to the death of their leaders, the two factions lived in reasonable peace and insignificance during the later years of the 11th/17th century. As indicated by the consistent power struggle within the army in general and between these two factions in particular, initial hopes for prosperity at the time of Selim’s conquest of Egypt proved to be ill-founded.

In addition to these political struggles, natural disasters such as flood and drought swept the country almost every few years. Diseases like the plague were also rampant. In 1052/1642-3, such an epidemic struck the whole country. The destruction caused by what was described as one of the worst epidemics in the history of Egypt was particularly overwhelming because it was preceded by a period of very high price inflation, which left the people destitute and starving, without much chance to withstand diseases (8a). In Safar 1098/December 1686-January 1687, another dreadful plague swept through Egypt for four consecutive months. It was also reported that floods struck Mecca several times, the two worst occurrences taking place in 1039/ 1629-30 and 1091/1680. In the first incident, water damaged the two corners of the Kaba, while in the second, the water level reached the Prophet’s place of birth, where presumably Masjid al-Haram was submerged by water completely (6a, 19a).

In the aftermath of the murder of Küçük Muhammad, an influential leader of the Faqariya faction, in 1106/1694-5, inflation again soared throughout the country and this economically difficult time continued for almost a year. It was reported that the governor failed to pay salaries and allowances to his officers.

Zubdat’s author was also a witness to the disastrous famine, which struck the whole of Egypt in Muharram 1107/August-September 1695, and describes this event in minute detail at the end of his account (29b-30a). According to Zubdat, life was so difficult that some people were reduced to cannibalism. Dead bodies were strewn almost everywhere and twenty purses of money, in addition to the donations from the people, were spent by the treasury to bury the dead.

Zubdat reports two separate incidents regarding the position of the Jews in the administration. The first one is the expulsion of all Jews from office upon the arrival of Ahmed Paşa in Cairo in 1086/1675, while the second incident was related to a certain Yasef, a Jew, who gained the trust of the sultan when he visited Istanbul. Suspecting malpractice, the army demanded that the governor hand over Yasif, who was then murdered in Ramadan 1108/March-April 1697 in al-Rumaila (18a, 33a-34a-b).

There are a few significant historical issues which are left unmentioned, or mentioned only very briefly, in the Zubdat. Some of these issues are related to the religious life of the people of Egypt during Ottoman rule, such as the change of madhabs and the presence of Sufi orders. Even though the Ottomans, who were Hanafites, changed the existing Shafi’ite chief judge to one from their own madhab, Zubdat’s author, fails to address the consequences of these changes for the whole population of Egypt.

Although Zubdat concentrates mainly on Ottoman Egypt, a number of events, which occurred in the Hijaz, particularly in Mecca (such as repeated fighting among leaders in the Hijaz as well as natural disasters) are also mentioned. This is probably due to the fact that following the conquest of Egypt, the Ottomans put the Hijaz under the indirect control of Cairo. Henceforth appointments and reports from Mecca were sent to Istanbul via Cairo. Troops, artisans, and more frequently money to finance the administration of the Holy Cities were sent by governors of Egypt. All pilgrims traveling from northern Arabia stopped outside Cairo for supplies before continuing their journey. Pilgrimage leaders, whose duty was to ensure the safe journey of the pilgrims, were also stationed in Cairo.

Despite the political turmoil and natural disasters that befell Ottoman Egypt, the Ottoman army and officials in the province of Egypt constantly fulfilled the sultan’s demands in terms of economic as well as military obligations. According to Zubdat, the annual remittance was sent on a regular basis to Istanbul and the special troops demanded by the central government from various parts of the empire called ghurba responded regularly and swiftly whenever they were needed to support the sultan’s army in expeditions.

As Peter Holt suggests, the Paris Fragment “supplements and continues the Zubdat, but details and phraseology show it to be an independent source”. It is, however, unlikely that they are the work of the same author. Both manuscripts discuss various historical events in a similar fashion. Yet, there are differences in the expression of their respective views as well as in the style of the language they employ. Although both show some features of Egyptian dialects, the language used by Zubdat is more colloquial than that utilized by the Paris Fragment. Another indication that suggests that these two manuscripts were written by two different chroniclers is the conspicuous disparity of dates recorded for the same events in both texts. Nonetheless, it is fair to suggest that the author of the Paris Fragment had seen and used Zubdat.

From the colloquial style of the language used in both manuscripts, it can be said that the authors did not have a formal education on Arabic language. The Zubdat is a chronicle based on personal observation. The description on the Paris Fragment is however more detailed than that of the Zubdat and both were meant to document the weaknesses of the Ottoman administration. The authors, who were likely of Mamluk origin or locals, were intent on informing their readers that their masters had failed to take full control of the government and were unable to settle disputes among the Mamluks.

THE MANUSCRIPTS

(1)
Zubdat Ihtisar Ta’rih Muluk Misr al-Mahrusa

The manuscript consists of 41 folios with 23 to 46 lines per page. Neither the date of the composition of the work nor the copy date of the only extant manuscript of Zubdat ihtisar ta’rih muluk Misr al-mahrusa is known. The handwriting being sometimes sloppy, the first three folios were obviously written by one scribe whereas a different handwriting continues from fol. 3 until fol. 40b. On fol. 41a, there are a total of eleven lines in Ottoman Turkish. The handwriting that appears at the beginning of the manuscript resumes on the inside of the back-cover. At times the script is so small that it is almost illegible, while ink smudges occasionally make the manuscript totally unreadable.

Marginal notes are to be found on almost every page of the manuscript. There are also several marginal additions, which introduce new points, elaborate on some existing discussion, or highlight important historical facts (e.g. plagues, obituaries, appointments and dismissals of governors).

The names of Ottoman sultans and governors of Egypt are recorded in red ink. With its title mentioned precisely at the top of the very first folio and concluding with the statement “intaha wa-Allahu alam bi’s-sawab,” the manuscript appears to be complete (41b). Although the name of a certain Ali b. Ridwan appears on the title page of the manuscript along with some quotations, there is no evidence to suggest that he is the author of the work. It is safer to assume that he was one of the two copyists. The author of this work, therefore, remains unknown.

On folio 3a, when discussing the war between the Mamluks and the Ottomans, the author explicitly mentions Ta’rih Ibn Zunbul as one of his sources (3a). Although he does not mention any other sources, there is clear evidence to suggest that he quotes Ibn Abissurur’s, al-Kawakib al-sa’ira fi ahbar Misr wa-l-Qahira.

(2)
Paris Fragment

The manuscript consists of 78 folios with 23 lines on each page. The manuscript was presumably arranged and paginated in Roman script at the time of binding. The Bibliothèque Nationale, the sole keeper of the extant manuscript, acquired it on 22 January 1877. Parts of the early folios are torn. The manuscript is written in nesih script. There are scores of scribal errors in the composition, though some of these seem to have been amended by the copyist later. There are also numerous marginal additions, possibly made by the same copyist. The names of the Ottoman sultans and the governors of Egypt are written in red ink. Also the name of each governor is written on a separate line.

 
Bibliography: 

1) Zubdat Ihtisar Ta’rih Muluk Misr al-Mahrusa
Manuscript: (1) London, British Museum, Add 9972, 41 fol., 23-46 lines, nesih.
Edition: Kamaruzaman Yusoff. The History of Ottoman Egypt in the 17th Century: Some Unpublished Sources. PhD Dissertation (Edinburgh University, 1995). Full Arabic text edited.

2) Paris Fragment
Manuscript: (1) Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris MS Arabe 1855, 78 fol, 23 lines, nesih.
Edition: Kamaruzaman Yusoff. The History of Ottoman Egypt in the 17th Century: Some Unpublished Sources. PhD Dissertation (Edinburgh University,1995). Full Arabic text edited.

Secondary sources:
Ahmad al-Damurdashi. al-Durra al-musana fi ahbar al-kinana. London, British Museum Or. 1073-4. Ibn Abissurur [Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Abissurur]. al-Kawakib al-sa’ira fi ahbar Misr wa-l-Qahira. London, British Museum Add. 9973. Ibidem. al-Nuzhat al-zahiya fi dhikr wulat Misr. Cairo, Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya, Ta’rih 2266. D. S Margoliouth. Cairo, Jerusalem and Damascus (London, 1907). R. B. Merriman. Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566 (Cambridge, MA, 1944). Peter Holt. “The Exalted Lineage of Ridwan Bey: Some Observations on a Seventeenth Century Mamluk Genealogy.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 22 (1959), 222-230. Ibidem. “The Beylicate in Ottoman Egypt During the Seventeenth Century.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 24/2 (1961), 214-248. Ibidem. “Al-Jabarti’s Introduction to the History of Ottoman Egypt.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 25 (1962), 38-51. Ibidem. “The Career of Küçük Muhammad.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 26/2 (1963), 269-287. Ibidem. “Dhu’l Fa‚kariya.” EI2 (1965), 233. Ibidem. Egypt and the Fertile Crescent 1516-1922 (London, 1966). Ibidem. Political and Social Change in Modern Egypt (Oxford, 1968). Ibidem. “Qasimiyya.” EI2 (1979), 722-723. Ahmad al-Damurdashi. al-Damurdashi’s chronicle of Egypt. Translated and annotated by D. Crecelius and Abd al-Wahhab Bakr (Leiden, 1991). M. Winter. Egyptian Society under Ottoman Rule 1517-1798 (London, 1992).

Egyptian Governors According to Both Manuscripts

Hayr Bey
Zubdat
922-928/1516-1522
fol.3b

Mustafa Paşa
Zubdat
928-929/1522-1523
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
13 Zulhijja 928-4 Shawwal 929/3 November 1522-16 August 1523
fol.30b

Ahmed Paşa
Zubdat
930-931/1524-1525
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
28 Shawwal 930-n.d./29 August 1524-n.d.
fol.31a

Qasım Paşa 
Zubdat
931-932/1525-1526
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
Jumada II 931-n.d./March 1525-n.d.
fol.31a

İbrahim Paşa
Zubdat
932-933/1526-1527
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
fol.31a

Süleyman Paşa first reign 
Zubdat
933-943/1527-1536
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
931-941/1525-1535
fol.31b

Husrev Paşa
Zubdat
943-945/1536-1539
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
11 Shaban 941-6 Jumada II 943/15 February 1535-20 November 1536
fol.31b

Süleyman Paşa second reign 
Zubdat
945-946/1536-1537-38 
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
11 Rajab 943-11 Muharram 945/24 December 1536-9 June 1538
fol.32a

Davud Paşa
Zubdat
946-957/1539-1549
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
17 Muharram 945-n.d./15 June 1538-n.d.
fol.32a

Ali Paşa el-Vezir
Zubdat
957-962/1549-1554
fol.3b
Paris Fragment
5 Shaban 956-Muharram 961/29 August 1549-December 1553
fol.32b

Mehmed Paşa
Zubdat
962-964/1554-1556
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
Safar 961-11 Rabi II 963/January 1554-23 February 1556
fol.32b

İskender Paşa
Zubdat
964-967/1556-1559
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
15 Rabi II 963-Rajab 966/27 February 1554-April 1559
fol.32b

Ali Paşa el-Hadım
Zubdat
967-968/1560-1561
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
Safar 966-3 Zulhijja 967/November 1558-25 August 1560
fol.32b

Mustafa Paşa Şahin
Zubdat
968-971/1561-1564
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
Rabi I 968-n.d./November 1560-n.d.
fol.33a

Ali Paşa el-Sufi
Zubdat
971-973/1564-1566
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
Rajab 971-Ramadan 973/February 1564-March 1566
fol.33a

Mahmud Paşa
Zubdat
973-974/1566-1567
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
Shawwal 973-20 Jumada II 974/April 1566-2 January 1567
fol.33b

Sinan Paşa 
first reign
Zubdat
975-976/1568-1568
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
24 Shaban 975-4 Jumada I 976/23 February 1568-25 October 1568
fol.34a

Çerkes İskender Paşa
Zubdat
976-979/1568-1571
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
14 Jumada II 976-n.d./4 December 1568-n.d.
fol.34a

Sinan Paşa 
second reign
Zubdat
979-981/1571-1573
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
10 Safar 979-Zulhijja 980/4 July 1571-April 1573
fol.34b

Huseyin Paşa
Zubdat
981-982/1573-1574
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
Muharram 981-n.d./May 1573-n.d.
fol.34b

Mesih Paşa el-Tavaşi 
Zubdat
982-988/1574-1580
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
982-15 Jumada I 988/1574-28 June 1580
fol.34b

Hasan Paşa el-Hadım
Zubdat
988-991/1580-1583
fol.4a
Paris Fragment
10 Jumada II 988-20 Rabi II 990/23 July 1580-14 May 1582
fol.35a

İbrahim Paşa
Zubdat
991-992/1583-1584
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
18 Rabi II 991-10 Shawwal 992/11 May 1583-15 October 1584
fol.35a

Sinan Paşa el-Defterdar
Zubdat
992-994/1584-1586
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
13 Shawwal 992-17 Rabi II 994/18 October 1584-7 April 1586
fol.35b

Uveys Paşa
Zubdat
994-999/1586-1591
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
12 Jumada II 994-Rajab 999/31 May 1586-April 1591
fol.35b

Hafız Ahmed Paşa
Zubdat
999-1003/1591-1595
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
16 Ramadan 999-Ramadan 1003/8 July 1591-May 1595
fol.36a

Qavurt Paşa
Zubdat
1003-1004/1595-1596
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
2 Ramadan 1003-Rajab 1004/11 May 1595-February 1596
fol.36a

Mehmed Paşa eş-Şerif
Zubdat
1004-13 Zulhijja 1006/1596-17 July 1598
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
2 Shawwal 1004-Zulhijja 1006/30 May 1596-July 1598
fol.37a

Hayr Paşa el-Vezir
Zubdat
1006-1010/1598-1601
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
17 Zulhijja 1006-12 Muharram 1010/21 July 1598-13 July 1601
fol.37b

Ali Paşa el-Silahdar
Zubdat
1010-1012/1601-1603
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
10 Safar 1010-6 Rabi II 1012/10 August 1601-13 September 1603
fol.38a

İbrahim Paşa
Zubdat
14 Zulhijja 1012-1013/14 May 1604-1604
fol.4b
Paris Fragment
14 Zulhijja 1012-13 Rabi II 1013/14 May 1604-8 September 1604
fol.38a

Mehmed Paşa el- Gürci
Zubdat
Rajab 1013-1014/November 1604-1605
fol.5a
Paris Fragment
Rajab 1013-Safar 1014/November 1604-June 1605
fol.38b

Hasan Paşa
Zubdat
Rabi I 1014-1016/August 1605-1607
fol.5a
Paris Fragment
Rabi I 1014-Muharram 1016/August 1605-April 1607
fol.38b

Mehmed Paşa
Zubdat
7 Safar 1016-1020/3 June 1607-1611
fol.5a
Paris Fragment
7 Safar 1016-Jumada I 1020/3 June 1607-July 1611
fol.39b

Mehmed Paşa es-Sufi
Zubdat
22 Shaban 1020-8 Rabi I 1024/30 October 1611-7 April 1615
fol.5a
Paris Fragment
fol.40b

Ahmed Paşa
Zubdat
fol.5a
6 Rabi II 1024-12 Safar 1027/5 May 1615-8 February 1618
Paris Fragment
fol.41a

Mustafa Paşa
Zubdat
Jumada I 1027-3 Muharram 1028/April 1618-21 December 1618
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
n.d.-13 Muharram 1028/n.d.-31 December 1618
fol.41b

Cafer Paşa
Zubdat
9 Rabi I 1028-13 Shaban 1028/24 February 1619-26 July 1619
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
n.d.-14 Shaban 1028/n.d.-27 July 1619
fol.41b

Mustafa Paşa
Zubdat
1028-1029/1619-1620
Paris Fragment
fol.5b
27 Ramadan 1028-1029/7 September 1619-1620
fol.42a

Hüseyin Paşa
Zubdat
27 Ramadan 1029-19 Rabi I 1031/26 August 1620-1 February 1622
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
20 Ramadan 1029-19 Rabi I 1031/19 August 1620-1 February 1622
fol.42a

Mehmed Paşa el-Bustancı
Zubdat
14 Jumada II 1031-Ramadan 1031/26 April 1622-July 1622
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
14 Jumada II 1031-Ramadan 1031/26 April 1622-July 1622
fol.42b

İbrahim Paşa
Zubdat
7 Ramadan 1031-7 Ramadan 1032/16 July 1622-5 July 1623
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
fol.42b

Mustafa Paşa
Zubdat
22 Ramadan 1032-18 Shaban 1035/20 July 1623-15 May 1626
fol.6a
Paris Fragment
fol.42b

Bayram Paşa
Zubdat
19 Shaban 1035-9 Muharram 1037/16 May 1626-20 September 1627
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
fol.43b

Mehmed Paşa
Zubdat
9 Muharram 1037-1040/20 September 1627-1630
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
4 Safar 1038-30 Rabi I 1040/3 October 1628-6 November 1630
fol.43b

Musa Paşa
Zubdat
3 Jumada II 1040-16 Safar 1041/7 January 1631-13 September 1631
fol.5b
Paris Fragment
n.d.-Zulhijja 1041/n.d.-July 1632
fol.44a

Halil Paşa el-Bustancı
Zubdat
4 Rabi I 1041-22 Ramadan 1042/30 September 1631-2 April 1633
fol.6a
Paris Fragment
7 Rabi I 1041-n.d./3 October 1631-n.d.
fol.44b

Ahmed Paşa el-Gürci 
Zubdat
12 Ramadan 1042-25 Jumada I 1045/23 March 1633-6 November 1635
fol.7a
Paris Fragment
1042-15 Jumada I 1045/1633-27 October 1635
fol.45b

Hüseyin Paşa el-Mecnun 
Zubdat
Not mentioned
Paris Fragment
15 Rajab 1045-15 Jumada II 1047/25 December 1635-4 November 1637
fol.45b

Mehmed Paşa
Zubdat
28 Rajab 1047-11 Jumada I 1050/16 December 1637-29 August 1640
fol.7a
Paris Fragment
8 Rajab 1047-12 Jumada II 1050/26 November 1637-29 September 1640
fol.46b

Mustafa Paşa el-Bustancı
Zubdat
fol.7b
10 Jumada II 1050-17 Rajab 1052/27 September 1640-11 October 1642
Paris Fragment
fol.47b

Maqsud Paşa
Zubdat
8 Shaban 1052-14 Safar 1053/1 November 1642-4 May 1643
fol.8a
Paris Fragment
n.d.-11 Safar 1053/n.d.-1 May 1643
fol.48a

Eyyub Paşa
Zubdat
Rabi I 1054-Rabi I 1056/May 1644-May 1646
fol.8b
Paris Fragment
18 Rabi I 1054-n.d./25 May 1644-n.d.
fol.48b

Mehmed Paşa Haydarzade
Zubdat
6 Jumada I 1056-Zulqada 1057/20 June 1646-November 1647
fol.8b
Paris Fragment
fol.49a

eş-Şerif Mehmed Paşa
Zubdat
Safar 1058/February 1648
fol.8b
Paris Fragment
Safar 1058-17 Safar 1059/February 1648-2 March 1649
fol.49b

Ahmed Paşa Arnavut
Zubdat
1059-1061/1649-1651
fol.9a
Paris Fragment
Rabi II 1059-6 Safar 1061/April 1649-29 January 1651
fol.49b

Abdurrahman Paşa
Zubdat
n.d.-1062/n.d.-1652
fol.9b
Paris Fragment
12 Rabi I 1061-5 Shawwal 1062/5 March 1651-9 September 1652
fol.50a

Mehmed Paşa Ebünnur
Zubdat
15 Shaban 1063-1066/11 July 1653-1656
fol.9b
Paris Fragment
1063-8 Shaban 1066/1653-1 June 1656
fol.50b

Qara Mustafa Paşa
Zubdat
15 Shawwal 1066-14 Shawwal 1067/6 August 1656-26 July 1657
fol.10a
Paris Fragment
n.d.-18 Ramadan 1067/n.d.-30 June 1657
fol.51a

Mehmed Paşa Şahsüvar
Zubdat
20 Zulqada 1067-n.d./30 August 1657-n.d.
fol.10b
Paris Fragment
Zulqada 1067-Shawwal 1070/August 1657-June 1660 
fol.51b

Mustafa Paşa
Zubdat
1 Zulqada 1069-1071/21 July 1659-1661
fol.11b
Paris Fragment
Shawwal 1070-Shawwal 1071/June 1660-June 1661
fol.51b

Şeytan İbrahim Paşa
Zubdat
fol.15a
Paris Fragment
6 Shawwal 1071-11 Shawwal 1074/4 June 1661-7 May 1664
fol.52a

Ömer Paşa
Zubdat
15 Zulhijja 1074-1077/9 July 1664-1667
fol.15a
Paris Fragment
5 Zulhijja 1074-15 Ramadan 1077/29 June 1664-11 March 1667
fol.52b

İbrahim Paşa
Zubdat
fol.16a
Paris Fragment
20 Shawwal 1077-17 Jumada I 1079/15 April 1667-23 October 1668
fol.53b

Ali Paşa
Zubdat
23 Zulqada 1079-1081/24 April 1669-1670
fol.16b
Paris Fragment
13 Zulqada 1079-n.d./14 April 1669-n.d.
fol.53b

İbrahim Paşa Kethuda el-Vezir
Zubdat
23 Muharram 1081-1084/12 June 1670-1673
fol.17b
Paris Fragment
13 Muharram-17 Rajab 1084/2 June 1670-28 October 1673
fol.55b

Hüseyin Paşa
Zubdat
fol.17b
20 Shawwal 1084-2 Rajab 1086/28 January 1674-22 September 1675
Paris Fragment
fol.57b

Ahmed Paşa el-Defterdar
Zubdat
6 Shawwal 1086-1087/24 December 1675-1676
fol.18a
Paris Fragment
fol.58b

Abdurrahman Paşa
Zubdat
6 Jumada I 1087-10 Shaban 1091/17 July 1676-5 September 1680
fol.18b
Paris Fragment
6 Jumada II 1087-n.d./16 August 1676-n.d.
fol.58b

Osman Paşa
Zubdat
2 Ramadan 1091-1094/26 September 1680-1683
fol.19a
Paris Fragment
fol.59a

Hamza Paşa
Zubdat
9 Shawwal 1094-1099/1 October 1683-1688
fol.19b
Paris Fragment
fol.59b

Hasan Paşa
Zubdat
17 Safar 1099-15 Zulhijja 1100/23 December 1687-30 September 1689
fol.21b
Paris Fragment
fol.60b

Ahmed Paşa
Zubdat
16 Muharram 1101-12 Jumada I 1102/30 October 1689-11 February 1691
fol.23a
Paris Fragment
fol.62a

Ali Paşa
Zubdat
22 Ramadan 1102/19 June 1691
fol.24b
Paris Fragment
22 Ramadan 1102-18 Muharram 1107/19 June 1691-29 August 1695
fol.63a

İsmail Paşa
Zubdat
27 Safar 1107/7 October 1695
fol.28b
Paris Fragment
17 Safar 1107-1109/27 September 1695-1698
fol.66b

Hüseyin Paşa
Zubdat
25 Rajab 1109-1111/6 February 1698-1699
fol.36b
Paris Fragment
fol.69a

Mehmed Paşa 
Zubdat
14 Rabi II 1111/9 October 1699
fol.41a
Paris Fragment
n.d.-Rajab 1116/n.d.-October 1704
fol.71b

Zubdat ends in the year 1111/1699. Information below is from the Paris Fragment.

Süleyman Paşa
very short time, probably in name only
fol.73b

Mehmed Paşa
6 Shaban 1116-1118/4 December 1704-1706
fol.73b

Ali Paşa 
12 Shaban 1118/19 November 1706
fol.74b

Hasan Paşa
13 Shaban 1119–1120/9 November 1707-1709
fol.76a

Muhsinzade
19 Shawwal 1120/1 January 1709
fol.76a

 
Author: 
Kamaruzaman Yusoff
October 2005